怎么使用Nginx缓存加速WordPress站点
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博客开通以来，主要记录学习和使用过程中遇到的问题及解决方案。文章风格偏向自娱自乐，因此访问量较少，一台1核1G的vps足以支撑网站的正常运行。
后来本站引入三个页面，这三个页面应该对有上外网需求的网友很有帮助，也给本站带来了很大的流量。本站用的WordPress程序，尝试过安装各种缓存插件（super cache, w3 total cache等）加速运行，但是低配的vps依然难以支持这么大的访问量。通过日志可以看到随着访问量的增加，php-fpm进程增多，Mysql的连接和线程增多，接着出现OOM，然后系统kill掉占用内存最大的Mysql进程，于是网站进入503宕机模式。
买更好的vps能解决访问量大的问题，但是要花更多的钱。做为一个技术宅，首先想到的当然是如何榨干现有机器来支撑大流量。做过的尝试包括切换到比WordPress性能更好的Ghost，参考：尝试Ghost 。但是相对于WordPress，Ghost的生态远没有那么成熟，最终放弃了。
左思右想下，终极解决办法是用Nginx缓存，最初的文章可参考：Nginx配置fastcgi cache。fastcgi_cache的好处是大部分用户的请求不用后端php-fpm打交道，直接发送缓存的静态页面，速度上甩各种WordPress插件好几条街！相比之下wordpress的各种插件还要执行php，也避免不了访问数据库，弱爆了！
自从使用了nginx缓存，网站平稳运行，再也没有出现过宕机的现象。同时vps的cpu和内存占用率直线下降，再也无需担心vps的配置问题，感觉再来10倍流量博客也撑得住！
因为nginx稳如狗的体验，所以现在对于博客类读多写少的产品都是强推nginx缓存（fastcgi缓存或者proxy缓存）。鉴于可能帮到一些网友，现贴出 /etc/nginx/nginx.conf 配置文件供网友参考（包含ssl设置和gzip部分）：# 文件： /etc/nginx/nginx.conf# For more information on configuration, see:#* Official English Documentation: http://nginx.org/en/docs/#* Official Russian Documentation: http://nginx.org/ru/docs/user nginx;worker_processes auto;error_log /var/log/nginx/error.log;pid /run/nginx.pid;# Load dynamic modules. See /usr/share/nginx/README.dynamic.include /usr/share/nginx/modules/*.conf;events {worker_connections 1024;}http {log_formatmain'$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" ''$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" ''"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for" "$request_time"';access_log/var/log/nginx/access.logmain buffer=32k flush=30s;server_tokensoff;client_max_body_size 100m;sendfileon;tcp_nopushon;tcp_nodelayon;keepalive_timeout65;types_hash_max_size 2048;include/etc/nginx/mime.types;default_typeapplication/octet-stream;# ssl配置ssl_protocols TLSv1.2 TLSv1.3;ssl_ciphers ECDHE-RSA-AES256-GCM-SHA512:DHE-RSA-AES256-GCM-SHA512:ECDHE-RSA-AES256-GCM-SHA384:DHE-RSA-AES256-GCM-SHA384:ECDHE-RSA-AES256-SHA384;ssl_ecdh_curve secp384r1;ssl_prefer_server_ciphers on;ssl_session_cache shared:SSL:10m;ssl_session_timeout 10m;ssl_session_tickets off;ssl_stapling on; # Requires nginx >= 1.3.7ssl_stapling_verify on; # Requires nginx => 1.3.7add_header Strict-Transport-Security "max-age=63072000; preload";#add_header X-Frame-Options DENY;add_header X-Frame-Options SAMEORIGIN;add_header X-Content-Type-Options nosniff;add_header X-XSS-Protection "1; mode=block";# 请按照自己的需求更改fastcgi_cache_path /var/cache/nginx/tlanyan levels=1:2 keys_zone=tlanyan:10m inactive=30m use_temp_path=off;fastcgi_cache_key $request_method$scheme$host$request_uri;# note: can also use HTTP headers to form the cache key, e.g.#fastcgi_cache_key $scheme$request_method$host$request_uri$http_x_custom_header;#fastcgi_cache_lock on;fastcgi_cache_use_stale error timeout invalid_header updating http_500;fastcgi_cache_valid 200 301 302 10h;fastcgi_cache_valid 404 10m;fastcgi_ignore_headers Expires Set-Cookie Vary;# gzip 配置gzip on;gzip_min_length1k;gzip_buffers4 16k;gzip_comp_level 7;gzip_typestext/csstext/plaintext/javascriptapplication/javascriptapplication/jsonapplication/x-javascriptapplication/xmlapplication/xml+rssapplication/xhtml+xmlapplication/x-font-ttfapplication/x-font-opentypeapplication/vnd.ms-fontobjectimage/svg+xmlimage/x-iconapplication/rss+xmlapplication/atom_xmlimage/jpegimage/gifimage/pngimage/iconimage/bmpimage/jpg;gzip_vary on;# Load modular configuration files from the /etc/nginx/conf.d directory.# See http://nginx.org/en/docs/ngx_core_module.html#include# for more information.include /etc/nginx/conf.d/*.conf;}以及用于WordPress站点的网站配置文件（/etc/nginx/conf.d/tlanyan.conf）:server {listen 80;listen [::]:80;server_name www.tlanyan.me tlanyan.me; # 请换成自己的域名rewrite ^(.*) https://$server_name$1 permanent;}server {listen443 ssl http2;listen[::]:443 ssl http2;server_name www.tlanyan.me tlanyan.me; # 请换成自己的域名charset utf-8;ssl_certificate /etc/nginx/conf.d/tlanyan.pem;# 请换成自己的证书和密钥ssl_certificate_key /etc/nginx/conf.d/tlanyan.key;set $host_path "/var/www/tlanyan";# 请改成自己的路径access_log/var/log/nginx/tlanyan.access.logmain buffer=32k flush=30s;error_log /var/log/nginx/tlanyan.error.log;root$host_path;# 缓存标记set $skip_cache 0;if ($query_string != "") {set $skip_cache 1;}if ($request_uri ~* "/wp-admin/|/xmlrpc.php|wp-.*.php|/feed/|sitemap(_index)?.xml") {set $skip_cache 1;}# 登录用户或发表评论者if ($http_cookie ~* "comment_author|wordpress_[a-f0-9]+|wp-postpass|wordpress_no_cache|wordpress_logged_in") {set $skip_cache 1;}location = / {indexindex.php index.html;try_files /index.php?$args /index.php?$args;}location / {indexindex.php index.html;try_files $uri $uri/ /index.php?$args;}location ~ ^/.user.ini {deny all;}location ~ .php$ {try_files $uri =404;fastcgi_index index.php;fastcgi_pass127.0.0.1:9000;fastcgi_cache tlanyan;fastcgi_cache_valid 200 301 302 30m;fastcgi_cache_valid 404 10m;fastcgi_cache_bypass $skip_cache;fastcgi_no_cache $skip_cache;fastcgi_cache_lock on;include fastcgi_params;fastcgi_paramSCRIPT_FILENAME$document_root$fastcgi_script_name;}location ~ .(js|css|png|jpg|gif|swf|ico|pdf|mov|fla|zip|rar|jpeg)$ {expires max;access_log off;try_files $uri =404;}}上述配置对最新版的Nginx测试有效，详细配置指令请参考Nginx官方文档。
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