asp.net微信开发消息应答的技巧
这篇文章主要介绍了asp.net微信开发中有关消息应答的相关内容,需要的朋友可以参考下
当普通微信用户向公众账号发消息时,微信服务器将POST消息的XML数据包到开发者填写的URL上。请注意:
1、关于重试的消息排重,推荐使用msgid排重。
2、微信服务器在五秒内收不到响应会断掉连接,并且重新发起请求,总共重试三次。假如服务器无法保证在五秒内处理并回复,可以直接回复空串,微信服务器不会对此作任何处理,并且不会发起重试。详情请见“发送消息-被动回复消息”。
3、为了保证更高的安全保障,开发者可以在公众平台官网的开发者中心处设置消息加密。开启加密后,用户发来的消息会被加密,公众号被动回复用户的消息也需要加密(但开发者通过客服接口等API调用形式向用户发送消息,则不受影响)。关于消息加解密的详细说明,请见“消息加解密说明”。
各消息类型的推送XML数据包结构如下:文本消息
<xml> <ToUserName><![CDATA[toUser]]></ToUserName> <FromUserName><![CDATA[fromUser]]></FromUserName><CreateTime>1348831860</CreateTime> <MsgType><![CDATA[text]]></MsgType> <Content><![CDATA[this is a test]]></Content> <MsgId>1234567890123456</MsgId> </xml>
图片消息
<xml> <ToUserName><![CDATA[toUser]]></ToUserName> <FromUserName><![CDATA[fromUser]]></FromUserName> <CreateTime>1348831860</CreateTime> <MsgType><![CDATA[image]]></MsgType> <PicUrl><![CDATA[this is a url]]></PicUrl> <MediaId><![CDATA[media_id]]></MediaId> <MsgId>1234567890123456</MsgId> </xml>
语音消息
<xml><ToUserName><![CDATA[toUser]]></ToUserName><FromUserName><![CDATA[fromUser]]></FromUserName><CreateTime>1357290913</CreateTime><MsgType><![CDATA[voice]]></MsgType><MediaId><![CDATA[media_id]]></MediaId><Format><![CDATA[Format]]></Format><MsgId>1234567890123456</MsgId></xml>
请注意,开通语音识别后,用户每次发送语音给公众号时,微信会在推送的语音消息XML数据包中,增加一个Recongnition字段 (注:由于客户端缓存,开发者开启或者关闭语音识别功能,对新关注者立刻生效,对已关注用户需要24小时生效。开发者可以重新关注此帐号进行测试)。开启语音识别后的语音XML数据包如下:
<xml><ToUserName><![CDATA[toUser]]></ToUserName><FromUserName><![CDATA[fromUser]]></FromUserName><CreateTime>1357290913</CreateTime><MsgType><![CDATA[voice]]></MsgType><MediaId><![CDATA[media_id]]></MediaId><Format><![CDATA[Format]]></Format><Recognition><![CDATA[腾讯微信团队]]></Recognition><MsgId>1234567890123456</MsgId></xml>
多出的字段中,Format为语音格式,一般为amr,Recognition为语音识别结果,使用UTF8编码。视频消息
<xml><ToUserName><![CDATA[toUser]]></ToUserName><FromUserName><![CDATA[fromUser]]></FromUserName><CreateTime>1357290913</CreateTime><MsgType><![CDATA[video]]></MsgType><MediaId><![CDATA[media_id]]></MediaId><ThumbMediaId><![CDATA[thumb_media_id]]></ThumbMediaId><MsgId>1234567890123456</MsgId></xml>
小视频消息
<xml><ToUserName><![CDATA[toUser]]></ToUserName><FromUserName><![CDATA[fromUser]]></FromUserName><CreateTime>1357290913</CreateTime><MsgType><![CDATA[shortvideo]]></MsgType><MediaId><![CDATA[media_id]]></MediaId><ThumbMediaId><![CDATA[thumb_media_id]]></ThumbMediaId><MsgId>1234567890123456</MsgId></xml>
地理位置消息
<xml><ToUserName><![CDATA[toUser]]></ToUserName><FromUserName><![CDATA[fromUser]]></FromUserName><CreateTime>1351776360</CreateTime><MsgType><![CDATA[location]]></MsgType><Location_X>23.134521</Location_X><Location_Y>113.358803</Location_Y><Scale>20</Scale><Label><![CDATA[位置信息]]></Label><MsgId>1234567890123456</MsgId></xml>
链接消息
<xml><ToUserName><![CDATA[toUser]]></ToUserName><FromUserName><![CDATA[fromUser]]></FromUserName><CreateTime>1351776360</CreateTime><MsgType><![CDATA[link]]></MsgType><Title><![CDATA[公众平台官网链接]]></Title><Description><![CDATA[公众平台官网链接]]></Description><Url><![CDATA[url]]></Url><MsgId>1234567890123456</MsgId></xml>
接上篇,看ResponseXML(postString);方法如下
/// <summary> /// 获取用户发送的消息 /// </summary> /// <param name="postString"></param> private void ResponseXML(string postString) { //使用XMLDocument加载信息结构XmlDocument xmlDoc = new XmlDocument(); xmlDoc.LoadXml(postString); XmlElement rootElement = xmlDoc.DocumentElement;//获取文档的根 XmlNode MsgType = rootElement.SelectSingleNode("MsgType"); //获取消息的文本类型 RequestXML requestXML = new RequestXML();//声明实例,获取各个属性并赋值 requestXML.ToUserName = rootElement.SelectSingleNode("ToUserName").InnerText;//公众号 requestXML.FromUserName = rootElement.SelectSingleNode("FromUserName").InnerText;//用户 requestXML.CreateTime = rootElement.SelectSingleNode("CreateTime").InnerText;//创建时间 requestXML.MsgType = MsgType.InnerText;//消息类型 ///对消息的不同类型进行赋值 if (requestXML.MsgType == "text") { //赋值文本信息内容 requestXML.Content = rootElement.SelectSingleNode("Content").InnerText; } if (requestXML.MsgType.Trim() == "location") { ///赋值地理位置纬度,经度,地图缩放比例,地理位置说明 requestXML.Location_X = rootElement.SelectSingleNode("Location_X").InnerText; requestXML.Location_Y = rootElement.SelectSingleNode("Location_Y").InnerText; requestXML.Scale = rootElement.SelectSingleNode("Scale").InnerText; requestXML.Label = rootElement.SelectSingleNode("Label").InnerText; } if (requestXML.MsgType.Trim().ToLower() == "event") { ///赋值事件名称和事件key值 requestXML.EventName = rootElement.SelectSingleNode("Event").InnerText; requestXML.EventKey = rootElement.SelectSingleNode("EventKey").InnerText; } if (requestXML.MsgType.Trim().ToLower() == "voice") { ///赋值语音识别结果,赋值之前一定要记得在开发者模式下,把语音识别功能开启,否则获取不到 requestXML.Recognition = rootElement.SelectSingleNode("Recognition").InnerText; } ResponseMsg(requestXML);}
语音识别功能开启如下:
requestXML是我单独创建的一个类,该类声明了消息中常用的属性字段,如下:
/// <summary> /// 接收消息的实体类 /// </summary> public class RequestXML { private String toUserName = String.Empty; /// <summary> /// 本公众号 /// </summary> public String ToUserName{get;set;} /// <summary> /// 用户微信号 /// </summary> public String FromUserName{get;set;} /// <summary> /// 创建时间 /// </summary> public String CreateTime{get;set;} /// <summary> /// 信息类型/// </summary> public String MsgType{get;set;} /// <summary> /// 信息内容 /// </summary> public String Content{get;set;}/*以下为事件类型的消息特有的属性*/ /// <summary> /// 事件名称 /// </summary> public String EventName{get;set;} /// <summary> /// 事件值 /// </summary> public string EventKey { get; set; }/*以下为图文类型的消息特有的属性*/ /// <summary> /// 图文消息的个数 /// </summary> public int ArticleCount { get; set; } /// <summary> /// 图文消息的标题 /// </summary> public string Title { get; set; } /// <summary> /// 图文消息的简介 /// </summary> public string Description { get; set; } /// <summary> /// 图文消息图片的链接地址 /// </summary> public string PicUrl { get; set; } /// <summary> /// 图文消息详情链接地址 /// </summary> public string Url { get; set; } /// <summary> /// 图文消息集合 /// </summary> public List<RequestXML> Articles { get; set;}/*以下为地理位置类型的消息特有的属性*/ /// <summary> /// 地理位置纬度 /// </summary> public String Location_X { get; set; } /// <summary> /// 地理位置经度 /// </summary> public String Location_Y { get; set; } /// <summary> /// 地图缩放比例 /// </summary> public String Scale { get; set; } /// <summary> /// 地图位置说明 /// </summary> public String Label { get; set; } /// <summary> /// 语音消息特有字段 /// </summary> public String Recognition { get; set; }}
继续关注ResponseMsg(requestXML);方法如下
private void ResponseMsg(RequestXML requestXML) { string MsgType = requestXML.MsgType; try { //根据消息类型判断发送何种类型消息 switch (MsgType) {case "text":SendTextCase(requestXML);//发送文本消息break;case "event"://发送事件消息if (!string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(requestXML.EventName) && requestXML.EventName.ToString().Trim().Equals("subscribe")){SendWelComeMsg(requestXML);//关注时返回的图文消息}else if (!string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(requestXML.EventName) && requestXML.EventName.ToString().Trim().Equals("CLICK")){SendEventMsg(requestXML);//发送事件消息}break; case "voice":SendVoiceMsg(requestXML);//发送语音消息break;case "location"://发送位置消息SendMapMsg(requestXML);break;default:break; } } catch (Exception ex) { HttpContext.Current.Response.Write(ex.ToString()); } }
先来关注发送文本消息,SendTextCase(requestXML);//发送文本消息
/// <summary> /// 发送文本 /// </summary> /// <param name="requestXML"></param> private void SendTextCase(RequestXML requestXML) {string responseContent = FormatTextXML(requestXML.FromUserName, requestXML.ToUserName, requestXML.Content);HttpContext.Current.Response.ContentType = "text/xml";HttpContext.Current.Response.ContentEncoding = Encoding.UTF8;HttpContext.Current.Response.Write(responseContent);HttpContext.Current.Response.End(); }
FormatTextXML方法制定格式
/// <summary> /// 返回格式化的Xml格式内容 /// </summary> /// <param name="p1">公众号</param> /// <param name="p2">用户号</param> /// <param name="p3">回复内容</param> /// <returns></returns> private string FormatTextXML(string p1, string p2, string p3) { return "<xml><ToUserName><![CDATA[" + p1 + "]]></ToUserName><FromUserName><![CDATA[" + p2 + "]]></FromUserName><CreateTime>" + DateTime.Now.Subtract(new DateTime(1970, 1, 1, 8, 0, 0)).TotalSeconds.ToString() + "</CreateTime><MsgType><![CDATA[text]]></MsgType><Content><![CDATA[" + p3 + "]]></Content><FuncFlag>1</FuncFlag></xml>"; }
这样就能实现消息的应答,如果用户点击的按钮,如下代码:
case "event"://发送事件消息if (!string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(requestXML.EventName) && requestXML.EventName.ToString().Trim().Equals("subscribe")){SendWelComeMsg(requestXML);//关注时返回的图文消息}else if (!string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(requestXML.EventName) && requestXML.EventName.ToString().Trim().Equals("CLICK")){SendEventMsg(requestXML);//发送事件消息}break; /// <summary> /// 发送响应事件消息 /// </summary> /// <param name="requestXML"></param> private void SendEventMsg(RequestXML requestXML) { string keyStr = requestXML.EventKey.ToString(); switch (keyStr) { case "mypay":SendPayDetails(requestXML);//发送薪资账单break; case "tianqiyubao":SendWeaterMessage(requestXML);//发送天气预报break; case "kaixinyixiao":SendKaiXinMessage(requestXML);//发送开心一笑结果集break; case "updateMessage":SendUpdateMessage(requestXML);//发送修改信息链接break; case "yuangonghuodong":SendYuanGongHuoDong(requestXML);//发送学生活动break; case "yuangongtongzhi":SendYuanGongTongZhi(requestXML);//发送员工通知break; case "youwenbida":SendWenti(requestXML);//发送员工提交问题链接break; case "mywen":SendWentiList(requestXML);//发送问题列表链接break; case "PhoneSerices":SendKeFuMessage(requestXML);//接入客服break; default:String responseContent = String.Empty;responseContent = FormatTextXML(requestXML.FromUserName, requestXML.ToUserName,"此功能暂未开放!敬请期待!");HttpContext.Current.Response.ContentType = "text/xml";HttpContext.Current.Response.ContentEncoding = Encoding.UTF8;HttpContext.Current.Response.Write(responseContent);HttpContext.Current.Response.End();break; } }
SendWelComeMsg(requestXML);//关注时返回的图文消息
/// <summary> /// 发送关注时的图文消息 /// </summary> /// <param name="requestXML"></param> private void SendWelComeMsg(RequestXML requestXML) { String responseContent = String.Empty; string newdate = DateTime.Now.Subtract(new DateTime(1970, 1, 1, 8, 0, 0)).TotalSeconds.ToString(); string PUrlfileName = "http://www.deqiaohr.com.cn/weixin/welcome.jpg"; responseContent = string.Format(Message_News_Main, requestXML.FromUserName, requestXML.ToUserName, newdate, "1", string.Format(Message_News_Item, "欢迎关注德桥员工服务中心", "苏州德桥人力资源创立于2002年...", PUrlfileName, "http://www.deqiaohr.com.cn/weixin/WxGsjianjie.aspx")); HttpContext.Current.Response.ContentType = "text/xml"; HttpContext.Current.Response.ContentEncoding = Encoding.UTF8; HttpContext.Current.Response.Write(responseContent); HttpContext.Current.Response.End(); }
Message_News_Main 和Message_News_Item是图文消息格式化
/// <summary> /// 返回图文消息主体 /// </summary> public static string Message_News_Main { get { return @"<xml><ToUserName><![CDATA[{0}]]></ToUserName><FromUserName><![CDATA[{1}]]></FromUserName><CreateTime>{2}</CreateTime><MsgType><![CDATA[news]]></MsgType><ArticleCount>{3}</ArticleCount><Articles>{4}</Articles></xml> "; } } /// <summary> /// 返回图文消息项 /// </summary> public static string Message_News_Item { get { return @"<item><Title><![CDATA[{0}]]></Title><Description><![CDATA[{1}]]></Description><PicUrl><![CDATA[{2}]]></PicUrl><Url><![CDATA[{3}]]></Url></item>"; } } /// <summary> /// 发送响应语音识别结果 /// </summary> /// <param name="requestXML"></param> private void SendVoiceMsg(RequestXML requestXML) { string responseContent = FormatTextXML(requestXML.FromUserName, requestXML.ToUserName, "您刚才说的语音消息识别结果为:" + requestXML.Recognition.ToString()); HttpContext.Current.Response.ContentType = "text/xml"; HttpContext.Current.Response.ContentEncoding = Encoding.UTF8; HttpContext.Current.Response.Write(responseContent); HttpContext.Current.Response.End(); }
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