详解微信开发微信jsapi与java初步接入方法
参数名http://www.php.cn/wiki/835.html" target="_blank">width="346" valign="top" style="word-break:break-all"> 描述appId应用ID 登录微信公众号管理平台可查询timestamp 必填，生成签名的时间戳 nonceStr必填，生成签名的随机串 signature必填，签名，见附录1 上述表格中的参数，我们在前一章节已经说的很明白，之所以做出一个表格是因为如果想要成功接入微信jsapi这四个参数是凭证，也就是相当于一个门必须要有四把钥匙才能打开，缺一不可 。
接下来的案例采用java的servlet做的跳转页面，没有用到springMVC,大家可把请求的路径更换成controller路径即可。
WxJsAPIServlet代码：
package com.test;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.PrintWriter;
import java.util.Map;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import com.test.util.JsapiTicketUtil;
import com.test.util.Sign;
public class WxJsAPIServlet extends HttpServlet {
/**
* Constructor of the object.
*/
public WxJsAPIServlet() {
super();
}
/**
* Destruction of the servlet. <br>
*/
public void destroy() {
super.destroy(); // Just puts "destroy" string in log
// Put your code here
}
/**
* The doGet method of the servlet. <br>
*
* This method is called when a form has its tag value method equals to get.
*
* @param request the request send by the client to the server
* @param response the response send by the server to the client
* @throws ServletException if an error occurred
* @throws IOException if an error occurred
*/
public void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
throws ServletException, IOException {
System.out.println("wxJSAPI====================");
String jsapi_ticket =JsapiTicketUtil.getJSApiTicket();;
Map<String,String> map = Sign.sign(jsapi_ticket, "http://www.vxzsk.com/weChat/wxJsAPIServlet");
String timestamp = map.get("timestamp");
String nonceStr = map.get("nonceStr");
String signature = map.get("signature");
String appId = "应用Id";
request.setAttribute("appId", appId);
request.setAttribute("timestamp", timestamp);
request.setAttribute("signature",signature);
request.setAttribute("nonceStr", nonceStr);
request.getRequestDispatcher("jsapi/jsapi.jsp").forward(request, response);
}
/**
* The doPost method of the servlet. <br>
*
* This method is called when a form has its tag value method equals to post.
*
* @param request the request send by the client to the server
* @param response the response send by the server to the client
* @throws ServletException if an error occurred
* @throws IOException if an error occurred
*/
public void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
throws ServletException, IOException {
this.doGet(request, response);
}
/**
* Initialization of the servlet. <br>
*
* @throws ServletException if an error occurs
*/
public void init() throws ServletException {
// Put your code here
}
}
第44行是生成 jsapi_ticket的工具类，在下面有贴出工具类的代码。
第45行 Sign类的sign方法，把表格中的最后三个参数封装放到Map集合中了。其中参数就是请求的servlet地址并跳转到调用微信jsapi的jsp界面。
第49行 appId替换成你自己的应用id,如果不知道应用id 可登陆微信公众平台管理中心查询。
servlet对应的web.xml代码
<servlet>
<description>This is the description of my J2EE component</description>
<display-name>This is the display name of my J2EE component</display-name>
<servlet-name>WxJsAPIServlet</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>com.test.WxJsAPIServlet</servlet-class>
</servlet>
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>WxJsAPIServlet</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>/wxJsAPIServlet</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
生成签名算法类Sign代码:
package com.test.util;
/***
* V型知识库 www.vxzsk.com
*/
import java.util.UUID;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Formatter;
import java.security.MessageDigest;
import java.security.NoSuchAlgorithmException;
import java.io.UnsupportedEncodingException;
public class Sign {
public static Map<String, String> sign(String jsapi_ticket, String url) {
Map<String, String> ret = new HashMap<String, String>();
String nonce_str = create_nonce_str();
String timestamp = create_timestamp();
String string1;
String signature = "";
//注意这里参数名必须全部小写，且必须有序
string1 = "jsapi_ticket=" + jsapi_ticket +
"&noncestr=" + nonce_str +
"×tamp=" + timestamp +
"&url=" + url;
System.out.println(string1);
try
{
MessageDigest crypt = MessageDigest.getInstance("SHA-1");
crypt.reset();
crypt.update(string1.getBytes("UTF-8"));
signature = byteToHex(crypt.digest());
}
catch (NoSuchAlgorithmException e)
{
e.printStackTrace();
}
catch (UnsupportedEncodingException e)
{
e.printStackTrace();
}
ret.put("url", url);
ret.put("jsapi_ticket", jsapi_ticket);
ret.put("nonceStr", nonce_str);
ret.put("timestamp", timestamp);
ret.put("signature", signature);
return ret;
}
private static String byteToHex(final byte[] hash) {
Formatter formatter = new Formatter();
for (byte b : hash)
{
formatter.format("%02x", b);
}
String result = formatter.toString();
formatter.close();
return result;
}
private static String create_nonce_str() {
return UUID.randomUUID().toString();
}
private static String create_timestamp() {
return Long.toString(System.currentTimeMillis() / 1000);
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
String jsapi_ticket =JsapiTicketUtil.getJSApiTicket();
// 注意 URL 一定要动态获取，不能 hardcode
String url = "http://www.vxzsk.com/xx/x.do";//url是你请求的一个action或者controller地址，并且方法直接跳转到使用jsapi的jsp界面
Map<String, String> ret = sign(jsapi_ticket, url);
for (Map.Entry entry : ret.entrySet()) {
System.out.println(entry.getKey() + ", " + entry.getValue());
}
};
}
生成jsapi_ticket参数的工具类JsapiTicketUtil代码
package com.test.util;
import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.net.MalformedURLException;
import java.net.URL;
import java.net.URLConnection;
import net.sf.json.JSONObject;
import com.test.weixin.TestAcessToken;
public class JsapiTicketUtil {
/***
* 模拟get请求
* @param url
* @param charset
* @param timeout
* @return
*/
public static String sendGet(String url, String charset, int timeout)
{
String result = "";
try
{
URL u = new URL(url);
try
{
URLConnection conn = u.openConnection();
conn.connect();
conn.setConnectTimeout(timeout);
BufferedReader in = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(conn.getInputStream(), charset));
String line="";
while ((line = in.readLine()) != null)
{
result = result + line;
}
in.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
return result;
}
}
catch (MalformedURLException e)
{
return result;
}
return result;
}
public static String getAccessToken(){
String appid="你公众号基本设置里的应用id";//应用ID
String appSecret="你公众号基本设置里的应用密钥";//(应用密钥)
String url ="https://api.weixin.qq.com/cgi-bin/token?grant_type=client_credential&appid="+appid+"&secret="+appSecret+"";
String backData=TestAcessToken.sendGet(url, "utf-8", 10000);
String accessToken = (String) JSONObject.fromObject(backData).get("access_token");
return accessToken;
}
public static String getJSApiTicket(){
//获取token
String acess_token= JsapiTicketUtil.getAccessToken();
String urlStr = "https://api.weixin.qq.com/cgi-bin/ticket/getticket?access_token="+acess_token+"&type=jsapi";
String backData=TestAcessToken.sendGet(urlStr, "utf-8", 10000);
String ticket = (String) JSONObject.fromObject(backData).get("ticket");
returnticket;
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
String jsapiTicket = JsapiTicketUtil.getJSApiTicket();
System.out.println("调用微信jsapi的凭证票为："+jsapiTicket);
}
}
上述代码中有个获取access_token的方法，请读者更换自己的参数即可
jsapi.jsp代码
<%@ page language="java" import="java.util.*" pageEncoding="utf-8"%>
<%
String path = request.getContextPath();
String basePath = request.getScheme()+"://"+request.getServerName()+":"+request.getServerPort()+path+"/";
%>
<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
<html>
<head>
<base href="<%=basePath%>">
<title>微信jsapi测试-V型知识库</title>
<meta name="viewport" content="width=320.1,initial-scale=1,minimum-scale=1,maximum-scale=1,user-scalable=no">
<script alt="详解微信开发微信jsapi与java初步接入方法" src="http://res.wx.qq.com/open/js/jweixin-1.1.0.js"> </script>
</head>
<body>
<center><h3>欢迎来到微信jsapi测试界面-V型知识库</h3></center>
<br>
<p>timestamp：${ timestamp}</p>
<p>nonceStr：${ nonceStr}</p>
<p>signature：${ signature}</p>
<p>appId:${ appId}</p>
<input type="button" value="upload" onclick="uploadImg();"/>
<input type="button" value="获取当前位置" onclick="getLocation();"/>
<br>
<script type="text/javascript">
wx.config({
debug: true, // 开启调试模式,调用的所有api的返回值会在客户端alert出来，若要查看传入的参数，可以在pc端打开，参数信息会通过log打出，仅在pc端时才会打印。
appId: '${appId}', // 必填，公众号的唯一标识
timestamp: '${ timestamp}' , // 必填，生成签名的时间戳
nonceStr: '${ nonceStr}', // 必填，生成签名的随机串
signature: '${ signature}',// 必填，签名，见附录1
jsApiList: ['chooseImage','getLocation','openLocation'] // 必填，需要使用的JS接口列表，所有JS接口列表见附录2
});
wx.ready(function(){
alert("ready");
});
wx.error(function (res) {
alert("调用微信jsapi返回的状态:"+res.errMsg);
});
function uploadImg() {
wx.checkJsApi({
jsApiList: ['chooseImage','openLocation','getLocation'], // 需要检测的JS接口列表，所有JS接口列表见附录2,
success: function(res) {
// 以键值对的形式返回，可用的api值true，不可用为false
// 如：{"checkResult":{"chooseImage":true},"errMsg":"checkJsApi:ok"}
alert(res);
wx.chooseImage({
count: 1, // 默认9
sizeType: ['original', 'compressed'], // 可以指定是原图还是压缩图，默认二者都有
sourceType: ['album', 'camera'], // 可以指定来源是相册还是相机，默认二者都有
success: function (res) {
var localIds = res.localIds; // 返回选定照片的本地ID列表，localId可以作为img标签的src属性显示图片
alert(localIds);
}
});
}
});
}
function getLocation() {
var latitude = "";
var longitude = "";
wx.getLocation({
type: 'gcj02', // 默认为wgs84的gps坐标，如果要返回直接给openLocation用的火星坐标，可传入'gcj02'
success: function (res) {
latitude = res.latitude; // 纬度，浮点数，范围为90 ~ -90
longitude = res.longitude; // 经度，浮点数，范围为180 ~ -180。
var speed = res.speed; // 速度，以米/每秒计
var accuracy = res.accuracy; // 位置精度
wx.openLocation({
latitude: latitude, // 纬度，浮点数，范围为90 ~ -90
longitude: longitude, // 经度，浮点数，范围为180 ~ -180。
name: '你当前的位置', // 位置名
address: 'currentLocation', // 地址详情说明
scale: 26, // 地图缩放级别,整形值,范围从1~28。默认为最大
infoUrl: '' // 在查看位置界面底部显示的超链接,可点击跳转
});
}
});
}
</script>
</body>
</html>
测试场景:打开微信公众号，点击菜单回复带有请求servlet地址，跳转到jsapi.jsp界面链接地址，然后界面会弹出调用微信jsapi成功或失败的窗口信息，所以还需要接下来的代码:
WeChatServlet为微信接入的servlet,不清楚的同学可学习我们的微信开发教程。
package com.test;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.PrintWriter;
import java.util.Date;
import java.util.Map;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import com.test.message.resp.TextMessage;
import com.test.util.MessageUtil;
/**
* 核心请求处理类
* doGet方法里 有个weixinTest，这个是公众管理平台里面自己设置的token 大家根据自己的token替换
*/
public class WeChatServlet extends HttpServlet {
private static final long serialVersionUID = 1508798736675904038L;
/**
* 确认请求来自微信服务器
*/
public void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
System.out.println("V型知识库原创www.vxzsk.com");
// 微信加密签名
String signature = request.getParameter("signature");
System.out.println("微信加密签名signature：-----------------------"+signature);
// 时间戳
String timestamp = request.getParameter("timestamp");
System.out.println("时间戳timestamp：-----------------------"+timestamp);
// 随机数
String nonce = request.getParameter("nonce");
System.out.println("随机数nonce：-----------------------"+nonce);
// 随机字符串
String echostr = request.getParameter("echostr");
System.out.println("随机字符串echostr：-----------------------"+echostr);
//System.out.println("token-----------------------:"+token);
PrintWriter out = response.getWriter();
// 通过检验signature对请求进行校验，若校验成功则原样返回echostr，表示接入成功，否则接入失败
if (SignUtil.checkSignature("weixinTest", signature, timestamp, nonce)) {
out.print(echostr);
//System.out.println("这是："+echostr);
}
out.close();
out = null;
}
/**
* 处理微信服务器发来的消息
* 实例源码在文章顶部有下载连接
*/
public void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
System.out.println("V型知识库原创www.vxzsk.com");
System.out.println("微信服务器发来消息------------");
// 将请求、响应的编码均设置为UTF-8（防止中文乱码）
request.setCharacterEncoding("UTF-8");
response.setCharacterEncoding("UTF-8");
String respMessage = null;
try{
//xml请求解析
Map<String, String> requestMap = MessageUtil.parseXml(request);//接收微信发过来的xml格式
//发送方帐号(open_id)
String fromUserName = requestMap.get("FromUserName");
//公众帐号
String toUserName = requestMap.get("ToUserName");
//消息类型
String msgType = requestMap.get("MsgType");
//消息创建时间
String createTime = requestMap.get("CreateTime");
//微信服务器post过来的内容
String weixinContent = requestMap.get("Content");
System.out.println("公众号用户发送过来的文本消息内容："+weixinContent);
//接下来我们用上一章节自己封装好的工具类
if (msgType.equals(MessageUtil.REQ_MESSAGE_TYPE_TEXT)) {//文本类型 用户回复 “hh” 微信自动回复此条消息
//回复换行的文本消息
TextMessage textMessage = new TextMessage();
textMessage.setToUserName(fromUserName);
textMessage.setFromUserName(toUserName);
textMessage.setCreateTime(new Date().getTime());
textMessage.setMsgType(MessageUtil.RESP_MESSAGE_TYPE_TEXT);
textMessage.setFuncFlag(0);
//回复用户的换行字符串 n表示换行
StringBuffer buffer = new StringBuffer();
if(weixinContent.equals("hh")){//如果用户发送”hh“
buffer.append("欢迎访问").append("n");
buffer.append("<a href="http://www.vxzsk.com/weChat/wxJsAPIServlet">微信jsapi测试界面</a>").append("nn");
buffer.append("回复'hh'二字即可能显示此条消息");
}else{
buffer.append("您好我是V型知识库");
}
textMessage.setContent(buffer.toString());
respMessage = MessageUtil.textMessageToXml(textMessage);//转换成xml格式
}
// 响应回复消息
PrintWriter out = response.getWriter();
out.print(respMessage);
out.close();
}catch(Exception e){
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
MessageUtil工具类
package com.test.util;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.io.Writer;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import org.dom4j.Document;
import org.dom4j.Element;
import org.dom4j.io.SAXReader;
import com.test.message.resp.Article;
import com.test.message.resp.MusicMessage;
import com.test.message.resp.NewsMessage;
import com.test.message.resp.TextMessage;
import com.thoughtworks.xstream.XStream;
import com.thoughtworks.xstream.core.util.QuickWriter;
import com.thoughtworks.xstream.io.HierarchicalStreamWriter;
import com.thoughtworks.xstream.io.xml.PrettyPrintWriter;
import com.thoughtworks.xstream.io.xml.XppDriver;
/**
* 消息工具类
*/
public class MessageUtil {
/**
* 返回消息类型：文本
*/
public static final String RESP_MESSAGE_TYPE_TEXT = "text";
/**
* 返回消息类型：音乐
*/
public static final String RESP_MESSAGE_TYPE_MUSIC = "music";
/**
* 返回消息类型：图文
*/
public static final String RESP_MESSAGE_TYPE_NEWS = "news";
/**
* 请求消息类型：文本
*/
public static final String REQ_MESSAGE_TYPE_TEXT = "text";
/**
* 请求消息类型：图片
*/
public static final String REQ_MESSAGE_TYPE_IMAGE = "image";
/**
* 请求消息类型：链接
*/
public static final String REQ_MESSAGE_TYPE_LINK = "link";
/**
* 请求消息类型：地理位置
*/
public static final String REQ_MESSAGE_TYPE_LOCATION = "location";
/**
* 请求消息类型：音频
*/
public static final String REQ_MESSAGE_TYPE_VOICE = "voice";
/**
* 请求消息类型：推送
*/
public static final String REQ_MESSAGE_TYPE_EVENT = "event";
/**
* 事件类型：subscribe(订阅)
*/
public static final String EVENT_TYPE_SUBSCRIBE = "subscribe";
/**
* 事件类型：unsubscribe(取消订阅)
*/
public static final String EVENT_TYPE_UNSUBSCRIBE = "unsubscribe";
/**
* 事件类型：CLICK(自定义菜单点击事件)
*/
public static final String EVENT_TYPE_CLICK = "CLICK";
/**
* 解析微信发来的请求（XML）
*
* @param request
* @return
* @throws Exception
*/
@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
public static Map<String, String> parseXml(HttpServletRequest request) throws Exception {
// 将解析结果存储在HashMap中
Map<String, String> map = new HashMap<String, String>();
// 从request中取得输入流
InputStream inputStream = request.getInputStream();
// 读取输入流
SAXReader reader = new SAXReader();
Document document = reader.read(inputStream);
// 得到xml根元素
Element root = document.getRootElement();
// 得到根元素的所有子节点
List<Element> elementList = root.elements();
// 遍历所有子节点
for (Element e : elementList) {
map.put(e.getName(), e.getText());
}
// 释放资源
inputStream.close();
inputStream = null;
return map;
}
/**
* 文本消息对象转换成xml
* @param textMessage 文本消息对象
* @return xml
*/
public static String textMessageToXml(TextMessage textMessage) {
xstream.alias("xml", textMessage.getClass());
return xstream.toXML(textMessage);
}
/**
* 音乐消息对象转换成xml
* @param musicMessage 音乐消息对象
* @return xml
*/
public static String musicMessageToXml(MusicMessage musicMessage) {
xstream.alias("xml", musicMessage.getClass());
return xstream.toXML(musicMessage);
}
/**
* 图文消息对象转换成xml
* @param newsMessage 图文消息对象
* @return xml
*/
public static String newsMessageToXml(NewsMessage newsMessage) {
xstream.alias("xml", newsMessage.getClass());
xstream.alias("item", new Article().getClass());
return xstream.toXML(newsMessage);
}
/**
* 扩展xstream，使其支持CDATA块
* @date
*/
private static XStream xstream = new XStream(new XppDriver() {
public HierarchicalStreamWriter createWriter(Writer out) {
return new PrettyPrintWriter(out) {
// 对所有xml节点的转换都增加CDATA标记
boolean cdata = true;
@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
public void startNode(String name, Class clazz) {
super.startNode(name, clazz);
}
protected void writeText(QuickWriter writer, String text) {
if (cdata) {
writer.write("<![CDATA[");
writer.write(text);
writer.write("]]>");
} else {
writer.write(text);
}
}
};
}
});
}
TextMessage代码
package com.test.message.resp;
public class TextMessage extends BaseMessage {
// 回复的消息内容
private String Content;
public String getContent() {
return Content;
}
public void setContent(String content) {
Content = content;
}
}
BaseMessage代码
package com.test.message.resp;
/**
* 消息基类（公众帐号 -> 普通用户）
*/
public class BaseMessage {
// 接收方帐号（收到的OpenID）
private String ToUserName;
// 开发者微信号
private String FromUserName;
// 消息创建时间 （整型）
private long CreateTime;
// 消息类型（text/music/news）
private String MsgType;
// 位0x0001被标志时，星标刚收到的消息
private int FuncFlag;
public String getToUserName() {
return ToUserName;
}
public void setToUserName(String toUserName) {
ToUserName = toUserName;
}
public String getFromUserName() {
return FromUserName;
}
public void setFromUserName(String fromUserName) {
FromUserName = fromUserName;
}
public long getCreateTime() {
return CreateTime;
}
public void setCreateTime(long createTime) {
CreateTime = createTime;
}
public String getMsgType() {
return MsgType;
}
public void setMsgType(String msgType) {
MsgType = msgType;
}
public int getFuncFlag() {
return FuncFlag;
}
public void setFuncFlag(int funcFlag) {
FuncFlag = funcFlag;
}
}
效果如下：
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