Mac上实现终端管理MySQL数据库

打开终端输入如下命令：/usr/local/MySQL/bin/mysql -u root -p其中root为用户名。

这时会出现如下命令：Enter password:此时如果你没有改密码，直接敲回车。否则，输入你的密码。 这样就可以访问你的数据库服务器了。1、的操作及管理数据表的基数据库（database）管理1.1 create 创建数据库create database firstDB;1.2 show 查看所有数据库mysql> show databases;+--------------------+| Database|+--------------------+| information_schema || firstDB|| mysql|| performance_schema |+--------------------+rows in set (0.00 sec)1.3 alter 修改数据库

alter 命令修改数据库编码：

默认创建的数据库默认不支持中文字符，如果我们需要它支持中文字符，则将它的编码设置为utf8格式：mysql> ALTER DATABASE testDB CHARACTER SET UTF8;Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)1.4 use 使用数据库mysql> use firstDB;Database changed1.5 查看当前使用的数据库mysql> select database();+------------+| database() |+------------+| firstdb|+------------+1 row in set (0.00 sec)1.6 drop 删除数据库mysql> drop database firstDB;Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)2、数据表（table）管理我们首先创建一个数据库，提供我们往后的使用：mysql> create database testDB;Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)创建后记得用use命令进入（使用）数据库，不然后面的操作都会不成功的。

2.1 create 创建表mysql> create table PEOPLE (-> ID int AUTO_INCREMENT PRIMARY KEY,-> NAME varchar(20) not null,-> AGE int not null,-> BIRTHDAY datetime);Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)2.2 show 显示表

显示当前数据库所有的数据表mysql> show tables;+------------------+| Tables_in_testdb |+------------------+| PEOPLE|+------------------+1 row in set (0.00 sec)2.3 desc 查看表结构mysql> desc PEOPLE-> ;+----------+-------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+| Field| Type| Null | Key | Default | Extra|+----------+-------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+| ID| int(11)| NO| PRI | NULL| auto_increment || NAME| varchar(20) | NO|| NULL||| AGE| int(11)| NO|| NULL||| BIRTHDAY | datetime| YES|| NULL||+----------+-------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+4 rows in set (0.01 sec)2.4 alter 修改表结构（增、删、改） 默认创建的表不支持中文字符，所以需将表编码设置为utf8：mysql> ALTER TABLE KEYCHAIN CONVERT TO CHARACTER SET UTF8;Query OK, 1 row affected (0.02 sec)Records: 1Duplicates: 0Warnings: 02.4.1 insert 在表中添加列（字段）mysql> alter table PEOPLE add star BOOL;Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.02 sec)Records: 0Duplicates: 0Warnings: 0提示：在MySQL里，布尔类型会自动转换为tinyint(1)类型。

我们不妨使用desc去查看一下PEOPLE表结构：mysql> desc PEOPLE;+----------+-------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+| Field| Type| Null | Key | Default | Extra|+----------+-------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+| ID| int(11)| NO| PRI | NULL| auto_increment || NAME| varchar(20) | NO|| NULL||| AGE| int(11)| NO|| NULL||| BIRTHDAY | datetime| YES|| NULL||| star| tinyint(1)| YES|| NULL||+----------+-------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+5 rows in set (0.00 sec)现在，你该相信我了吧？

2.4.2 alter 修改表（列）字段mysql> alter table PEOPLE MODIFY star int;Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)Records: 0Duplicates: 0Warnings: 0也可以指定 int(n) 的长度，比如 int(2)。

我们再次使用desc查看PEOPLE表结构：mysql> desc PEOPLE;+----------+-------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+| Field| Type| Null | Key | Default | Extra|+----------+-------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+| ID| int(11)| NO| PRI | NULL| auto_increment || NAME| varchar(20) | NO|| NULL||| AGE| int(11)| NO|| NULL||| BIRTHDAY | datetime| YES|| NULL||| star| int(11)| YES|| NULL||+----------+-------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+5 rows in set (0.00 sec)2.4.3 delete 删除表（列）字段mysql> alter table PEOPLE DROP column star;Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.02 sec)Records: 0Duplicates: 0Warnings: 0删除后，再次查看PEOPLE表结构：mysql> desc PEOPLE;+----------+-------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+| Field| Type| Null | Key | Default | Extra|+----------+-------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+| ID| int(11)| NO| PRI | NULL| auto_increment || NAME| varchar(20) | NO|| NULL||| AGE| int(11)| NO|| NULL||| BIRTHDAY | datetime| YES|| NULL||+----------+-------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+4 rows in set (0.00 sec)删除字段成功，现在我们已经不能看到star的字段了。

2.4.4 rename 重命名表名mysql> RENAME TABLE PEOPLE TO NEW_PEOPLE;Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)2.4.5 null or not null 修改表字段允许为空或不允许为空：mysql> ALTER TABLE PEOPLE MODIFY AGE INT(3) NULL;Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)Records: 0Duplicates: 0Warnings: 0把 PEOPLE 表的 AGE 字段设置成“允许为空”，即插入记录时这个字段可以不录入。否则相反。 它的格式为：ALTER TABLEMODIFYmysql> create table newTable select * from PEOPLE;Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)Records: 0Duplicates: 0Warnings: 0我们查看一下目前数据库存在的表：mysql> show tables;+------------------+| Tables_in_testdb |+------------------+| PEOPLE|| newTable|+------------------+2 rows in set (0.00 sec)3、数据的操作及管理本操作，包含增、删、改、查数据。 以下命令均在PEOPLE表上操作。

3.1 增加数据（增） PEOPLE表目前是没有数据的，它是空的数据表，我们现在先添加一些数据。 insert into 命令添加数据：mysql> insert into PEOPLE VALUES (null, 'Anny', 22, '1992-05-22');Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)使用select命令查看表（会在后面介绍），现在我们查看PEOPLE数据表的数据：mysql> select * from PEOPLE;+----+------+-----+---------------------+| ID | NAME | AGE | BIRTHDAY|+----+------+-----+---------------------+|1 | Anny |22 | 1992-05-22 00:00:00 |+----+------+-----+---------------------+1 row in set (0.00 sec)数据表现在有一条数据。

我们多添加几条数据，如：mysql> select * from PEOPLE;+----+--------+-----+---------------------+| ID | NAME| AGE | BIRTHDAY|+----+--------+-----+---------------------+|1 | Anny|22 | 1992-05-22 00:00:00 ||2 | Garvey |23 | 1991-05-22 00:00:00 ||3 | Lisa|25 | 1989-05-22 00:00:00 ||4 | Nick|24 | 1990-05-22 00:00:00 ||5 | Rick|24 | 1991-05-22 00:00:00 |+----+--------+-----+---------------------+5 rows in set (0.00 sec)3.2 删除数据（删）

delete 命令删除数据：mysql> delete from PEOPLE where name = 'Lisa';Query OK, 1 row affected (0.01 sec)再次查询PEOPLE表：mysql> select * from PEOPLE;+----+--------+-----+---------------------+| ID | NAME| AGE | BIRTHDAY|+----+--------+-----+---------------------+|1 | Anny|22 | 1992-05-22 00:00:00 ||2 | Garvey |23 | 1991-05-22 00:00:00 ||4 | Nick|24 | 1990-05-22 00:00:00 ||5 | Rick|24 | 1991-05-22 00:00:00 |+----+--------+-----+---------------------+4 rows in set (0.00 sec)已经看不到名为“Lisa”的数据了。

3.3 修改数据（改）

update 命令修改数据：mysql> update PEOPLE set name='Calvin' where name = 'Garvey';Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)Rows matched: 1Changed: 1Warnings: 0查询PEOPLE表内容：mysql> select * from PEOPLE;+----+--------+-----+---------------------+| ID | NAME| AGE | BIRTHDAY|+----+--------+-----+---------------------+|1 | Anny|22 | 1992-05-22 00:00:00 ||2 | Calvin |23 | 1991-05-22 00:00:00 ||4 | Nick|24 | 1990-05-22 00:00:00 ||5 | Rick|24 | 1991-05-22 00:00:00 |+----+--------+-----+---------------------+4 rows in set (0.00 sec)名为“Garvey”的记录已经修改为“Calvin”。

3.4 查询数据（查）

select 命令查询数据，最简单的就是查询表的所有数据，也就是我们最初使用到的那条命令：mysql> select * from PEOPLE;+----+--------+-----+---------------------+| ID | NAME| AGE | BIRTHDAY|+----+--------+-----+---------------------+|1 | Anny|22 | 1992-05-22 00:00:00 ||2 | Calvin |23 | 1991-05-22 00:00:00 ||4 | Nick|24 | 1990-05-22 00:00:00 ||5 | Rick|24 | 1991-05-22 00:00:00 |+----+--------+-----+---------------------+4 rows in set (0.00 sec)格式：select * from <表名>，*代表所有字段。

查询数据时也可指定显示的（列）字段：mysql> select NAME, AGE, BIRTHDAY from PEOPLE;+--------+-----+---------------------+| NAME| AGE | BIRTHDAY|+--------+-----+---------------------+| Anny|22 | 1992-05-22 00:00:00 || Calvin |23 | 1991-05-22 00:00:00 || Nick|24 | 1990-05-22 00:00:00 || Rick|24 | 1991-05-22 00:00:00 |+--------+-----+---------------------+4 rows in set (0.00 sec)格式：select <字段名,字段名,…> from <表名>。

select查询命令还有很多的高级用法，比如用来查找不重复（distinct）的数据，使数据按条件排序（order by），按查询条件显示数据（where）等等。这些都会在下一篇文章作重点介绍，请大家继续留意我的博客，谢谢。4、管理视图4.1 创建视图

视图是从数据库里导出一个或多个表的虚拟表，是用来方便用户对数据的操作。mysql> CREATE VIEW PEOPLE_VIEW (-> NAME, AGE)-> AS SELECT NAME, AGE FROM PEOPLE;创建成功后查看视图。PEOPLEPEOPLE.AGEPEOPLE.BIRTHDAY PEOPLE.IDPEOPLE.NAMEmysql> SELECT * FROM PEOPLE_VIEW-> ;+--------+-----+| NAME| AGE |+--------+-----+| Anny|22 || Calvin |23 || Nick|24 || Rick|24 |+--------+-----+4 rows in set (0.00 sec)我们也可以使用 DESC 命令查看视图的结构。mysql> DESC PEOPLE_VIEW;+-------+---------+------+-----+---------+-------+| Field | Type| Null | Key | Default | Extra |+-------+---------+------+-----+---------+-------+| ID| int(11) | NO|| 0||+-------+---------+------+-----+---------+-------+1 row in set (0.01 sec)4.2 替换视图

创建或替换原有视图。mysql> CREATE OR REPLACE VIEW PEOPLE_VIEW(PEOPLE_ID,PEOPLE_NAME,PEOPLE_AGE) AS SELECT ID,NAME,AGE FROM PEOPLE;Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)创建或替换后查看视图。mysql> SELECT * FROM PEOPLE_VIEW;+-----------+-------------+------------+| PEOPLE_ID | PEOPLE_NAME | PEOPLE_AGE |+-----------+-------------+------------+|1 | Anny|22 ||2 | Calvin|23 ||4 | Nick|24 ||5 | Rick|24 |+-----------+-------------+------------+4 rows in set (0.00 sec)4.3 操作视图

当视图数据有变化时（增、删、改），真实的表数据也会随着改变。也就是说，对视图的操作就是对表的数据，所以我们可以把视图当作表。

例：往视图插入一条数据。mysql> INSERT INTO PEOPLE_VIEW VALUES(NULL, 'Kerry', '33');Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)插入数据成功后查看视图。mysql> SELECT * FROM PEOPLE_VIEW ;+-----------+-------------+------------+| PEOPLE_ID | PEOPLE_NAME | PEOPLE_AGE |+-----------+-------------+------------+|1 | Anny|22 ||2 | Calvin|23 ||4 | Nick|24 ||5 | Rick|24 ||6 | Kerry|33 |+-----------+-------------+------------+5 rows in set (0.00 sec)可以在视图上看到我们刚刚插入的数据，现在我们就来验证一下真实的表是否也会作出变化。mysql> SELECT * FROM PEOPLE;+----+--------+-----+---------------------+| ID | NAME| AGE | BIRTHDAY|+----+--------+-----+---------------------+|1 | Anny|22 | 1992-05-22 00:00:00 ||2 | Calvin |23 | 1991-05-22 00:00:00 ||4 | Nick|24 | 1990-05-22 00:00:00 ||5 | Rick|24 | 1991-05-22 00:00:00 ||6 | Kerry|33 | NULL|+----+--------+-----+---------------------+5 rows in set (0.00 sec)可见，真实的表数据也已经有所改变，刚刚往视图里插入的那一条数据存在于真实表中，真理便是：对视图的操作就是对表的数据。

4.4 删除视图mysql> DROP VIEW PEOPLE_VIEW;Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)相关推荐：

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